The DMA does give the Commission a power to appoint independent external experts. It is discretionary, and it verifies after deployment. Here is what closes the gap it leaves regardless.

A gatekeeper designation ruling and a pending interoperability dispute are frequently treated as the same question. They are not. One determines who the Digital Markets Act applies to; the other determines what standard of evidence a regulator will accept once it does. This article examines the distinction the European Commission has already drawn, and the structural parallel it carries for pre-execution evidentiary architecture.