Any organization that determines, through an automated system, an individual's status produces a qualification whose evidentiary trace it alone retains. SOURCE 0 QUALIFICATION SEAL fixes a determined representation of that qualification, at a timestamped instant, independently of the system that produced it — without ruling on its accuracy, effective application, or lawfulness. First documented use case: age determination.

Federal Rule of Evidence 902(13) and 902(14) remove the need for a foundation witness. They do not remove the question of who is making the underlying assertion, or when it was made.

Both parties in Lorraine v. Markel lost their motions for the same reason: neither had authenticated their own e-mails. The court that decision leaned on identified the real question — not how a record was created, but what happened to it afterward.